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Terrorism is the politics of extreme frustration

Category »  Editorial Posted On Tuesday, March 16, 2010

This has reference to the Editorial "Fighting Terrorism" published on dated 12 Mar issue. Major world religions want to achieve peace. But terrorism and violence can be found in religions and cultures all around the world. Although there may be variation in the complaints being made, there are remarkable similarities in the attitudes and tactics employed by terrorists. Clearly, terrorism is involved when there is a political, ethnic, religious, and other conflict between groups.
"We cannot stop terrorism or defeat the ideologies of violent extremism when hundreds of millions of young people see a future with no jobs, no hope, and no way ever to catch up to the developed world" once said Hillary Clinton, USA.
Violent acts appear as terrorism. The purpose of terrorism is to terrorize, right? Terrorism is to frighten people into submitting to some group's desires that have not been achieved through the normal political process, right? The question to answer is not whether or not there has been that injustice - there will be as many answers to that question as there are people. The question is, how are multiple viewpoints going to co-exist in a terror free world?
Tactics designed to achieve a goal can be approached in a rational, reasonable manner, for example, offer to negotiate and suggest a partial goal as part of a larger, compromise settlement.
Terrorism may be considered a politics of extreme frustration, which is the feeling that one wants to change a situation, but has no power to do so. Frustration is a useful concept because it resonates both with individuals' feelings about their own circumstances and opportunities, and on a socio-political plane.
People often claim that they are interested in living in peace, but why then do we continue to have violent acts? Is there something about human nature that makes conflict inevitable and peace impossible? According to Carl Coon, the answers lie not so much in human biology, but in the development of human culture.
The basic problem that spurs terrorism may be misdistribution of wealth around the world. So, even if it were the case that poverty does not directly cause terrorism, it could still be true that economic growth reduces terrorism. Awareness of this inequality is widespread because of communications. One doesn't understand how to close the gap, and the IMF and the World Bank often make matters worse.
Why do people turn to terrorism? So, does poverty play a role in creating terrorists? No, it conclusively does not. Poverty is not linked to terrorism at all. If that were the case, terrorism would be much more prevalent in places where poverty has been ridiculously persistent.
Desperation caused by poverty DOES have a role in creating terrorists, as well as placement. More importantly, fanaticism is what creates the suicidal terrorists. Suicide bombers, who blow themselves up in order to attack people or property, know that they will die for their cause, and are therefore considered the most committed of terrorists.
It seems almost intuitive to explain terrorism-especially suicide bombing--in terms of poverty and lack of education. Who, but someone desperate, without more fruitful opportunities before them, would so willingly relinquish their own life?
Analyses of terrorist activities in the last two decades consistently reveal that individuals who support and commit terrorist acts are likely to be more highly educated and have higher incomes than others in their society.
Individuals who join terrorist or paramilitary organizations may not have empty bank accounts, but they are likely to perceive the political and societal status quo as unfulfilling. Terrorist tactics are posed as a reasonable, and necessary, response to a situation that is perceived to be unreasonable. Or even a history that is perceived as unreasonable.
Some analysts see extremist ideologies, psychology and various cultural factors as the primary, or sole, cause of terrorism. But thinking of these factors as completely independent from the world that produces them is neither honest nor productive. In most cases terrorism is less like property crime and more like a violent form of political engagement.
PS Prakasa Rao

 


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