India is conscious of the fact that there is a need to integrate energy efficiency in the development process. The Prime Minister of India has committed that India will never exceed the average per capita energy consumption.
The per capita consumption of energy in India is amongst the lowest in the world. India consumed 530 kg of oil equivalent (kgoe) per person of primary energy in 2004 compared to 1240 in China and the world average of 1770. To deliver a sustained economic growth rate of 8 to 9% through 2031-32 and to meet life time energy needs of all citizens, India needs, at the very least to increase its primary energy supply by 3 to 4 times and electricity generation capacity about 6 times.
The Energy Conservation Act was enacted in 2001 with the avowed goal of reducing energy intensity of Indian Economy. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was set up as a nodal statutory body in on 1st March, 2002 at the central level to facilitate the implementation of the EC Act. The Integrated Energy Policy (IEP) lays emphasis on energy conservation and efficiency, particularly through Demand Side Measures (DSM) and estimates 15% saving of energy is possible by such interventions.
The Conference of Chief Ministers chaired by Prime Minister on 28th May, 2007, recognized the significant potential of saving electricity through its efficient use by Demand Side Management interventions which would provide immediate results for saving electricity. Interventions include bulk procurement and distribution of CFLs, adoption of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), promoting and mandating the use of energy efficient pumps and other energy efficient and appliances.
Working Group on Power in their recommendations for the XI plan for energy efficiency to Planning Commission has set a target of 5% reduction in consumption by the end of the XI plan totaling to 10,000 MW. BEE has formulated a strategy to achieve this target for removal of barriers for Energy Efficiency (EE) & Demand Side Management (DSM) to achieve this goal in a number of sectors.
BEE is taking steps for engagement of stakeholders in various sectors. A number of schemes have been initiated in various sectors. They are:
(a) Bachat Lamp Yojana to promote energy efficient and high quality CFLs as replacement for incandescent bulbs in households.
(b) Standards & Labeling Scheme targets high energy end use equipments and appliances to lay down minimum energy performance standards.(c) Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) that sets minimum energy performance standards for new commercial buildings.(d) Agricultural and Municipal DSM targeting replacement inefficient pumpsets, street lighting, etc.
(e) Operationalising EC Act by Strengthening Institutional Capacity of State Designated Agencies (SDAs). The scheme seeks to build institutional capacity of the newly created SDAs to perform their regulatory, enforcement and facilitative functions in the respective states.
(f) EE in Small and Medium Enterprises targeting 25 high energy consuming clusters to promote energy efficiency on a ESCO route.
A sector specific approach has been adopted to ensure:
* Barriers are addressed separately in each sector- eg. Use of CDM to reduce cost of CFL under BLY, creation of DPRs and provision of financing for agriculture/ municipal and buildings, capacity building for use of ECBC for commercial sector.
* Effective targeting of specific barriers and facilitate creation of markets for energy efficiency
* Greater emphasis on conducive environment, and handholding of early movers can be done by following this approach
* Appropriate service delivery system for each sector.
* Programme deign, implementation, monitoring & verification take note of the specifics of each sector.
The Standards and Labeling program in India was launched on 18th May 2006 by Union Minister of Power. The programme is in vogue on a voluntary basis and at present is for refrigerators, airconditioners, tubelights, distribution transformers and motors, with the last two having been added recently. The response from the industry to the star labeling program has been very encouraging. Almost 90% of tube light manufactures, 90% of refrigerator manufactures and almost 75% of air-conditioner manufactures have already joined the scheme voluntarily. A broad based consultative approach has been adopted in formulating the scheme for each category of equipment to ensure maximum participation voluntarily. We have taken up the labeling programme for standby power as well.
Electronic industry in India is growing at a brisk pace. It is currently worth $10 Billion but according to estimates, has the potential to reach $ 40 billion by 2010. The demand of video products, such as colour televisions (CTVs), VCD/DVD players, and set-top boxes account for 90% of the consumer electronic market. Standby power is an important element of all of these equipment. The consumer electronics industry in India is growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11%.While standby power consumption for most devices is small - typically ranging from 0.5 to 10 watts-the cumulative effect is significant given the large number of devices drawing standby power. A European, Japanese, Australian, or North American home often contains twenty devices constantly drawing standby power. These include all devices with remote controls and external power supplies (or adapters), and permanently illuminated digital displays, and many new larger appliances, such as washing machines and air conditioners. As a result, standby power is responsible for 5 - 10% of total electricity use in most homes and an unknown amount in commercial buildings and factories.
Standby power accounts for roughly 1% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Studies in Australia have shown that standby power, which occurs across a range of low power modes, constitutes around 11% of total residential energy consumption and costs Australian consumers around AU $950 million annually. While the contribution of standby to total electricity consumption is likely to vary by country, it nonetheless is significant in virtually every country because of the globalization of traded goods.
Reduction of standby power consumption has been recognized as one of the most cost effective potential end-use energy efficiency measures. While the amount of standby power varies markedly between countries, IEA estimates the standby globally power consumes up to 480 TWh each year, which is more than the total electricity used in France. Most of this provides no useful function. There is a savings potential of approximately 300 TWh, which is total electricity consumption in a country like Italy.
A study conducted by the Australian Greenhouse Office concluded that up to 80 per cent of the electricity used by VCRs was consumed in standby mode. In New Zealand, 40 per cent of the electricity used by microwave ovens is consumed as standby energy, mainly to run digital clocks. Field surveys in office buildings of Thailand concluded that standby energy consumed 53 per cent of the power consumed by personal computers (PCs), and more than 90 per cent of that consumed by copiers, printers and fax machines.
The sustained economic growth in the country will align the living standards with that of the developed world. However, India is conscious of the fact that there is a need to integrate energy efficiency in the development process. The Prime Minister of India has committed that India will never exceed the average per capita energy consumption. The labeling programme along with many other initiatives of the Government through BEE are concrete steps in attaining this goal.
This International Standby Power Conference is timely as it provides us with a platform of learning from the best practices in this area from the countries participating here. Also, the fact that IEA is also associated closely with BEE in developing this programme is a matter of satisfaction.
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